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Thursday, March 3, 2011
Friday, December 17, 2010
The Importance of Friday
(Friday speech was delivered by Imam Mohamed Baianonie at the Islamic Center of Raleigh on April 6, 1990)
Friday is the best day of the week. Imam Bukhari and Muslim reported that Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.) had said, "We (Muslims) came last and yet we are the first on the day of judgment. They have received the books before us (meaning Torah and Injil). We have received the book after them (meaning the Qur’an). Friday was their day to be glorified. However, they disputed on that while Allah had told us Friday is the day to glorify. Thus they will follow us. The Jews glorify Saturday, and the Christians glorify Sunday."
Also reported by Imam Muslim, Abo-Dawod, Al-Nesaii, and Al-Termithi, that Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.) had said, "The best day during which the sun have risen is Friday. It is the Day Adam was created. It is the day when Adam entered paradise and also when he was taken out from it. It is also the day on which the day of judgment takes place."
Muslims are supposed to do the following on Fridays:
Men are obligated to participate in Friday Prayer. Allah (S.W.T.) said in Surat Al-Jumauah, (verse 9), what can be translated as, "O’ you who believe! When the call is proclaimed to Prayer on Friday hasten earnestly to the remembrance of Allah, and leave off business. That is best for you if you but knew."
In addition, prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.) had warned from not attending Friday Prayer. Imam Muslim and Ahmad had reported that Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.) said about people who do not attend Friday Prayer, "I wanted to ask a man to lead people in the prayer so that I may go and burn houses of men who did not attend the Friday Prayer with us" He also said reported by Imam Muslim, Ahmad and An-Nesaii, "Either they (meaning people who do not attend the Friday prayer) stop neglecting Friday prayers or Allah will set a seal on their hearts so they can not find the right path again." In another authentic hadith reported by Abu Dawod, Termithi, An-Nesaii, and Ibn-Majah, that the prophet (P.B.U.H.) said, "Who ever does not attend three Friday prayers, (without a valid excuse) Allah will set a seal on his heart"
It is also recommended to increase supplication especially at the last hour of the day since it is the hour when requests are replied by Allah. In an authentic hadith reported by Imam An-Nesaii, Abu-Dawod, and Al-hakim, that the prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said, "Friday has 12 hours, one of which is the hour where cries are granted for Muslim believers. This hour is sought at the last hour after Asar."
It is encouraged to wish peace be upon prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) during Fridays and Friday’s night because of an authentic hadith reported by Imam Abu-Dawod, An-Nesaii, and Ibn-Majah, that the Prophet Muhammed (P.B.U.H.) said, "The best day is Friday. On Friday Adam was created, and died. On Friday is the first time the trumpet is blown (meaning when every creature dies) and the second time the trumpet is blown (referring to resurrection). So increase the number of times you wish peace upon me since this prayer will be shown to me." They asked him, How will our prayers be shown to you after you have vanished. He replied, "Allah has prohibited earth to cause the body of prophets to decay."
It is also recommended that Muslims recite surat Al-Kahf, because of the authentic hadith reported by Imam Al-Baihaqee, and Al-Hakim, that the prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) had said, "Who ever recites surat Al-Kahf on Friday, Allah will give him a light to the next Friday."
It is also recommended that Muslims clean and wash themselves and make sure they smell nice when they attend Friday Prayers. Imam Muslim and Bukhari reported that the prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) said, "Every Muslim is obligated to wash on Fridays and wear his best cloth. Also, he should use perfume if he has any."
It is important to come early to the Friday prayer. All of the hadith collectors, except Ibn-Majah, reported in an authentic hadith that the prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said, "If one washes himself and then went to Friday Prayer, it is considered as if he donated a camel for the sake of Allah. However, If he went in the second hour then it is considered as if he donated a cow and if the third hour then as if he donated a big sheep and if the fourth hour then as if he donated a chicken and if the fifth hour then as if he donated an egg. Then when the Imam starts delivering the speech the angels come and listen to it." Also in anther authentic hadith reported by Imam Abu-Dawod that the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) said, "On Friday the angels come to stand on the doors of the mosque (masjid), the angels record who comes first, if the Imam starts delivering the speech, the angles close their files and come to listen to the speech."
It is forbidden to work on Fridays after the call for the prayer was announced because Allah says in surat Al-Jumu’ah, (verse 9), what can be translated as, "When the call is proclaimed to prayer on Friday hasten earnestly to the remembrance of Allah, and leave off business."
Also, it is forbidden to talk during the Khutbah. Several sayings of prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) covers this subject. In an authentic hadith reported by (the group of Ahadith collectors), except Ibn-Majah that prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said, "If you told your friend to pay attention on Friday while the Imam is delivering the speech then you committed a sin of vain talk." Another authentic hadith which was reported by Imam Ibn-Majah and Attermizi that prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) said, "Even who touches the gravel on the floor then he committed vain talk, and he who does commit that there will be no (Jumuah) Friday for him."
It is also disliked to walk between sitting people during Friday gathering unless there is an empty spot to fill. In an authentic hadith reported by Imam Abu-Dawod, An-Nesaii, and Ahmad that, A man came and started walking between people during a Friday gathering while Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was delivering his speech, so the Prophet told him, "Sit because you caused harm to other people and came in late."
It was not legislated to consider Friday as a day off and not work during it. Because Allah (S.W.T.) said in surat Al-Jumu’ah, (verse 10), what can be translated as, "And when the prayer is finished, then you may disperse through the land and seek of the bounty of Allah." It was not a habit of any of the companions to consider Friday as a day to take off work. On the contrary Imam Al-Malek said, "It is disliked to take Friday off since we will be resembling the Jews and Christians for taking, respectively, Saturday or Sunday off."
Finally , there are two important matters for us in this country to be cautioned of. First of all, we must not neglect Friday Prayers because of work, study, or other matters. Every Muslims should make attending Friday Prayer as his top priority. It is important to do so since ignoring it three times with no valid reason will cause the heart to be sealed from the right path.
The second matter to watch for is the loosing of one’s interest in the importance of Friday. This is especially important for the growing generation who are used to the concept of weekend being Saturday and Sunday and know almost nothing about the importance of Friday in the eyes of Muslims. So it is our duty to remind them and ourselves about this great day which is the best day of the week and try to spend it according to Islamic teaching.
Source: Intellectual property of IAR
Friday is the best day of the week. Imam Bukhari and Muslim reported that Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.) had said, "We (Muslims) came last and yet we are the first on the day of judgment. They have received the books before us (meaning Torah and Injil). We have received the book after them (meaning the Qur’an). Friday was their day to be glorified. However, they disputed on that while Allah had told us Friday is the day to glorify. Thus they will follow us. The Jews glorify Saturday, and the Christians glorify Sunday."
Also reported by Imam Muslim, Abo-Dawod, Al-Nesaii, and Al-Termithi, that Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.) had said, "The best day during which the sun have risen is Friday. It is the Day Adam was created. It is the day when Adam entered paradise and also when he was taken out from it. It is also the day on which the day of judgment takes place."
Muslims are supposed to do the following on Fridays:
Men are obligated to participate in Friday Prayer. Allah (S.W.T.) said in Surat Al-Jumauah, (verse 9), what can be translated as, "O’ you who believe! When the call is proclaimed to Prayer on Friday hasten earnestly to the remembrance of Allah, and leave off business. That is best for you if you but knew."
In addition, prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.) had warned from not attending Friday Prayer. Imam Muslim and Ahmad had reported that Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.) said about people who do not attend Friday Prayer, "I wanted to ask a man to lead people in the prayer so that I may go and burn houses of men who did not attend the Friday Prayer with us" He also said reported by Imam Muslim, Ahmad and An-Nesaii, "Either they (meaning people who do not attend the Friday prayer) stop neglecting Friday prayers or Allah will set a seal on their hearts so they can not find the right path again." In another authentic hadith reported by Abu Dawod, Termithi, An-Nesaii, and Ibn-Majah, that the prophet (P.B.U.H.) said, "Who ever does not attend three Friday prayers, (without a valid excuse) Allah will set a seal on his heart"
It is also recommended to increase supplication especially at the last hour of the day since it is the hour when requests are replied by Allah. In an authentic hadith reported by Imam An-Nesaii, Abu-Dawod, and Al-hakim, that the prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said, "Friday has 12 hours, one of which is the hour where cries are granted for Muslim believers. This hour is sought at the last hour after Asar."
It is encouraged to wish peace be upon prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) during Fridays and Friday’s night because of an authentic hadith reported by Imam Abu-Dawod, An-Nesaii, and Ibn-Majah, that the Prophet Muhammed (P.B.U.H.) said, "The best day is Friday. On Friday Adam was created, and died. On Friday is the first time the trumpet is blown (meaning when every creature dies) and the second time the trumpet is blown (referring to resurrection). So increase the number of times you wish peace upon me since this prayer will be shown to me." They asked him, How will our prayers be shown to you after you have vanished. He replied, "Allah has prohibited earth to cause the body of prophets to decay."
It is also recommended that Muslims recite surat Al-Kahf, because of the authentic hadith reported by Imam Al-Baihaqee, and Al-Hakim, that the prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) had said, "Who ever recites surat Al-Kahf on Friday, Allah will give him a light to the next Friday."
It is also recommended that Muslims clean and wash themselves and make sure they smell nice when they attend Friday Prayers. Imam Muslim and Bukhari reported that the prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) said, "Every Muslim is obligated to wash on Fridays and wear his best cloth. Also, he should use perfume if he has any."
It is important to come early to the Friday prayer. All of the hadith collectors, except Ibn-Majah, reported in an authentic hadith that the prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said, "If one washes himself and then went to Friday Prayer, it is considered as if he donated a camel for the sake of Allah. However, If he went in the second hour then it is considered as if he donated a cow and if the third hour then as if he donated a big sheep and if the fourth hour then as if he donated a chicken and if the fifth hour then as if he donated an egg. Then when the Imam starts delivering the speech the angels come and listen to it." Also in anther authentic hadith reported by Imam Abu-Dawod that the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) said, "On Friday the angels come to stand on the doors of the mosque (masjid), the angels record who comes first, if the Imam starts delivering the speech, the angles close their files and come to listen to the speech."
It is forbidden to work on Fridays after the call for the prayer was announced because Allah says in surat Al-Jumu’ah, (verse 9), what can be translated as, "When the call is proclaimed to prayer on Friday hasten earnestly to the remembrance of Allah, and leave off business."
Also, it is forbidden to talk during the Khutbah. Several sayings of prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) covers this subject. In an authentic hadith reported by (the group of Ahadith collectors), except Ibn-Majah that prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said, "If you told your friend to pay attention on Friday while the Imam is delivering the speech then you committed a sin of vain talk." Another authentic hadith which was reported by Imam Ibn-Majah and Attermizi that prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) said, "Even who touches the gravel on the floor then he committed vain talk, and he who does commit that there will be no (Jumuah) Friday for him."
It is also disliked to walk between sitting people during Friday gathering unless there is an empty spot to fill. In an authentic hadith reported by Imam Abu-Dawod, An-Nesaii, and Ahmad that, A man came and started walking between people during a Friday gathering while Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was delivering his speech, so the Prophet told him, "Sit because you caused harm to other people and came in late."
It was not legislated to consider Friday as a day off and not work during it. Because Allah (S.W.T.) said in surat Al-Jumu’ah, (verse 10), what can be translated as, "And when the prayer is finished, then you may disperse through the land and seek of the bounty of Allah." It was not a habit of any of the companions to consider Friday as a day to take off work. On the contrary Imam Al-Malek said, "It is disliked to take Friday off since we will be resembling the Jews and Christians for taking, respectively, Saturday or Sunday off."
Finally , there are two important matters for us in this country to be cautioned of. First of all, we must not neglect Friday Prayers because of work, study, or other matters. Every Muslims should make attending Friday Prayer as his top priority. It is important to do so since ignoring it three times with no valid reason will cause the heart to be sealed from the right path.
The second matter to watch for is the loosing of one’s interest in the importance of Friday. This is especially important for the growing generation who are used to the concept of weekend being Saturday and Sunday and know almost nothing about the importance of Friday in the eyes of Muslims. So it is our duty to remind them and ourselves about this great day which is the best day of the week and try to spend it according to Islamic teaching.
Source: Intellectual property of IAR
Saturday, December 11, 2010
Eid al-Adha
What is Eid al-Adha?
At the end of the Hajj (annual pilgrimage to Mecca), Muslims throughout the world celebrate the holiday of Eid al-Adha (Festival of Sacrifice). In 2010, Eid al-Adha will begin on November 16th, and will last for three days.
What does Eid al-Adha commemorate?
During the Hajj, Muslims remember and commemorate the trials and triumphs of the Prophet Abraham. The Qur'an describes Abraham as follows:
"Surely Abraham was an example, obedient to Allah, by nature upright, and he was not of the polytheists. He was grateful for Our bounties. We chose him and guided him unto a right path. We gave him good in this world, and in the next he will most surely be among the righteous." (Qur'an 16:120-121)
One of Abraham's main trials was to face the command of Allah to kill his only son. Upon hearing this command, he prepared to submit to Allah's will. When he was all prepared to do it, Allah revealed to him that his "sacrifice" had already been fulfilled. He had shown that his love for his Lord superceded all others, that he would lay down his own life or the lives of those dear to him in order to submit to God.
Why do Muslims sacrifice an animal on this day?
During the celebration of Eid al-Adha, Muslims commemorate and remember Abraham's trials, by themselves slaughtering an animal such as a sheep, camel, or goat. This action is very often misunderstood by those outside the faith.
Allah has given us power over animals and allowed us to eat meat, but only if we pronounce His name at the solemn act of taking life. Muslims slaughter animals in the same way throughout the year. By saying the name of Allah at the time of slaughter, we are reminded that life is sacred.
The meat from the sacrifice of Eid al-Adha is mostly given away to others. One-third is eaten by immediate family and relatives, one-third is given away to friends, and one-third is donated to the poor. The act symbolizes our willingness to give up things that are of benefit to us or close to our hearts, in order to follow Allah's commands. It also symbolizes our willingness to give up some of our own bounties, in order to strengthen ties of friendship and help those who are in need. We recognize that all blessings come from Allah, and we should open our hearts and share with others.
It is very important to understand that the sacrifice itself, as practiced by Muslims, has nothing to do with atoning for our sins or using the blood to wash ourselves from sin. This is a misunderstanding by those of previous generations: "It is not their meat nor their blood that reaches Allah; it is your piety that reaches Him." (Qur'an 22:37)
The symbolism is in the attitude - a willingness to make sacrifices in our lives in order to stay on the Straight Path. Each of us makes small sacrifices, giving up things that are fun or important to us. A true Muslim, one who submits his or herself completely to the Lord, is willing to follow Allah's commands completely and obediently. It is this strength of heart, purity in faith, and willing obedience that our Lord desires from us.
What else do Muslims do to celebrate the holiday?
On the first morning of Eid al-Adha, Muslims around the world attend morning prayers at their local mosques. Prayers are followed by visits with family and friends, and the exchange of greetings and gifts. At some point, members of the family will visit a local farm or otherwise will make arrangements for the slaughter of an animal. The meat is distributed during the days of the holiday or shortly thereafter.
At the end of the Hajj (annual pilgrimage to Mecca), Muslims throughout the world celebrate the holiday of Eid al-Adha (Festival of Sacrifice). In 2010, Eid al-Adha will begin on November 16th, and will last for three days.
What does Eid al-Adha commemorate?
During the Hajj, Muslims remember and commemorate the trials and triumphs of the Prophet Abraham. The Qur'an describes Abraham as follows:
"Surely Abraham was an example, obedient to Allah, by nature upright, and he was not of the polytheists. He was grateful for Our bounties. We chose him and guided him unto a right path. We gave him good in this world, and in the next he will most surely be among the righteous." (Qur'an 16:120-121)
One of Abraham's main trials was to face the command of Allah to kill his only son. Upon hearing this command, he prepared to submit to Allah's will. When he was all prepared to do it, Allah revealed to him that his "sacrifice" had already been fulfilled. He had shown that his love for his Lord superceded all others, that he would lay down his own life or the lives of those dear to him in order to submit to God.
Why do Muslims sacrifice an animal on this day?
During the celebration of Eid al-Adha, Muslims commemorate and remember Abraham's trials, by themselves slaughtering an animal such as a sheep, camel, or goat. This action is very often misunderstood by those outside the faith.
Allah has given us power over animals and allowed us to eat meat, but only if we pronounce His name at the solemn act of taking life. Muslims slaughter animals in the same way throughout the year. By saying the name of Allah at the time of slaughter, we are reminded that life is sacred.
The meat from the sacrifice of Eid al-Adha is mostly given away to others. One-third is eaten by immediate family and relatives, one-third is given away to friends, and one-third is donated to the poor. The act symbolizes our willingness to give up things that are of benefit to us or close to our hearts, in order to follow Allah's commands. It also symbolizes our willingness to give up some of our own bounties, in order to strengthen ties of friendship and help those who are in need. We recognize that all blessings come from Allah, and we should open our hearts and share with others.
It is very important to understand that the sacrifice itself, as practiced by Muslims, has nothing to do with atoning for our sins or using the blood to wash ourselves from sin. This is a misunderstanding by those of previous generations: "It is not their meat nor their blood that reaches Allah; it is your piety that reaches Him." (Qur'an 22:37)
The symbolism is in the attitude - a willingness to make sacrifices in our lives in order to stay on the Straight Path. Each of us makes small sacrifices, giving up things that are fun or important to us. A true Muslim, one who submits his or herself completely to the Lord, is willing to follow Allah's commands completely and obediently. It is this strength of heart, purity in faith, and willing obedience that our Lord desires from us.
What else do Muslims do to celebrate the holiday?
On the first morning of Eid al-Adha, Muslims around the world attend morning prayers at their local mosques. Prayers are followed by visits with family and friends, and the exchange of greetings and gifts. At some point, members of the family will visit a local farm or otherwise will make arrangements for the slaughter of an animal. The meat is distributed during the days of the holiday or shortly thereafter.
The right way to pray
Prayer for begginers with sound Click Here
All praise is to Allah alone and may His peace and blessings be upon His messenger Muhammed our Prophet also his family and his companions.
The objective of this concise topic is to explain how Prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to perform his prayers. I would like to present this explanation to every Male and Female Muslim so that they may strive to take up the Prophet's manner in performing their prayers as a model for them. It was narrated by Al Bukhari that Prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessings of Allah be on him) had said: "Perform your prayers in the same manner you had seen me doing." Therefore, here is the explanation for the Prophet's manner of prayer.
1. To perform completely the ablution, adopting the method commanded by Allah in the Quran: Wash your self.
"0 ye who believe, when ye prepare for prayer, wash your faces and your hands (and arms) to the elbows, rub your heads (with water) and (wash) your feet to the ankles."(5:6 Al-Quran)
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) said:
( prayer without ablution is invalid)
2. To turn one's face and whole body towards the Ka'aba.
The Holy House at Makkah, intending by Heart to perform the prayer which he wants to fullfil.
l. Whether it is an Obligatory prayer or a Supererogatory prayer, the worshipper in all cases, should not pronounce his intention openly, because neither the Prophet nor his companions used to utter the intention for prayer. Thus, pronouncing the intention for prayer in audible voice is a heresy and an illicit action. Whether the individual be an Imam or performs his prayer individually, he should make (A Sutra) i.e. a curtain for his prayer. Directing the face towards the Qibla (The Ka'aba at Makkah) is an imperative condition for every prayer . However, there are few exceptions for this rule explained in authoritative books for whom who wish to refer. ”If you don’t know the Direction to the Kabba.
3. To pronounce "Takbirat Al Ihram" that
is to say:" Allahu Akbar" celebrating by that the greatness of Allah and looking meanwhile, downwards to the place where he will prostrate.
4. To raise one's hands up to the level of the shoulders or near to the lobes of his ears, while pronouncing "Takbirat Al-Ihram".
5. To put one's right hand over his left hand and left wrist, and put them both over his chest, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to do.
6. It is advisable that the worshipper recite
"Allahumma baid bayni wa bayena khatayaya kama baadta bayena al-mashriki wal maghribi, Allahumma naqqiniy' min khatayaya kama yonaqa al thawbo alabyado min aldans.. Allahumma igysilniy min khatayaya bilmai wathalgi walbarad."
This supplication means:
"O Allah, separate me from my sins as You have separated the east and west. 0 Allah, clean me of my sins as the white rope is cleaned from dirt. 0 Allah, wash off my sins with water, snow and hail.” or he may say instead:
"Sobhanaka Allahumma wa bihamdika watabaraka Ismoka wata'la jaddoka wala ilaha ghayroka"
This supplication means:
"Praise and glory be to Allah. Blessed be Your Name, exalted be Your Majesty and Glory. There is no god but You."
Or he may say any other supplications which the Prophet, (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) used to say in his prayers. It is better to recite these supplications alternately, the first one in the morning prayer "Fajr", the second in the noon prayer "Zuhr", each one by turn, in conformity with what the Prophet used to do.
After reciting the opening supplication, the worshipper says:
"Aouzo billahi min al-shaytani-r-ragim"
Which means?
"I seek protection of Allah against the accursed Satan."
Then he says:
"Bism illahi-Rahmani Raheem"
Which means?
"In the name of Allah, the All Merciful, the
All Compassionate."
Then recites the Fatiha (The opening Sura of the glorious Quran). Prophet Muhammad, may peace and blessings be upon him said:-" Prayer without reciting the F atiha is invalid".
The worshipper should say "Almeen" after reciting the Fatiha loudly if the prayer is said loudly, and whisper it in inaudible prayers. To be in conformity with the traditions of the Prophet, the worshipper is advised to recite verses from medium size Suras of the Quran in the Zuhr (noon), Asr (late afternoon), and Isha (night) prayers. As for the Fajr (morning) prayer, the worshipper is advised to recite a passage from the long Suras of the Quran. He has the choice in Maghrib prayer (Evening prayer) either to recite passages from the long Suras or from the short Suras of the Quran.
7. Then, the worshipper bows in "Ruku " raising his hands up to the level of his shoulders or ears while saying " Allahu Akbar" " Allah is Great" then bends down, making his head and back on one level and putting his hands with the fingers spread on his knees. ,The worshipper should feel serenity and tranquility while bowing, he should say thrice at least:
, "Subhana Rabbiayl A'zim"
Which means?
"Glory be to my Lord, the Almighty."
It is advisable to say while bowing in addition to that:
"Subhanak-Allahumma Rabbana wa bi hamdika, Allahumma ighfir liy"
Which mean.:
"Glory be to Thee, O Allah, and I praise Thee, forgive me my sins."
8. To raise one's head up from bowing, raising one's hands to the level of his shoulders or ears, saying, in case of being Imam or praying alone: -"Sami'a Allahu liman hamidah"
Which means?
" Allah listens to him who praises Him "
While resuming the standing position, he should say:
"Rabbana wa laka al hamdu hamdan katheera'n tayyiban mobarakan feehiy mil'a ssamawati wa mila alardhi wa mil'a ma baynahoma wa mil'a ma Shita min shiyin ba'ad"
This supplication means:
"Our Lord, praise be fore Thee only, praises plentiful and blessed as to fill the heavens, the earth, what in between, and fill that which will please Thee besides them."
But if the worshipper is a follower, and led in his prayer by the Imam he should say when rising up "Rabbana wa laka alhamd... - etc
The worshipper is advised to put his hands on his chest, as he had done before he bowed. Both Wa'il Ibn Haggar and Sahl Ibn Sai'yd reported that this was the manner of the Prophet when he used to raise his head up after bowing.
9. To prostrate saying: "Allahu Akbar" " Allah is Great". He should touch the ground with his knees before touching it with his hands, if that is possible to him. If not, he is permitted to touch the ground by his hand before his knees. His fingers and
toes should be directed towards the Qibla Makkah, and his hands should be stretched, and the fingers close together and not separated. In prostration, the worshipper should use these seven organs:
-The forehead, the nose, both hands, both knees and the internal parts of the toes.
These seven organs should touch the ground. Then the worshipper should say thrice or more:
"Suhhana Rahbiyal A'ala"
Which means?
"Glorified is my Lord, the Exalted."
It is advisable to say:
"Suhhanaka Allahuma Rahhana wa hi
hamdika, Allahuma Ighfir -Iiy."
This means:
"Glory be to Thee, Our Lord, and I praise Thee. Our Lord, forgive me ."
It is recommendable for the worshipper to exceed more,and more in supplications and ask for more from his Lord, because the Prophet, may peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
"As for bowing "Ruku" you should glorify your Lord during performing it, as for Prostration. you should do your best to
cate and ask for more from Him, because your supplications during prostration are more worthy to be accepted. "
The worshipper should ask his Lord for prosperity both in this worldly life and in the Hereafter. Whether it is an obligatory prayer or an optional prayer, the worshipper, while prostrating, should neither bring his hands close to his sides, nor stick his abdomen to his thighs, or his thighs to his legs. The worshipper's arms should be raised up from the ground because the Prophet, may peace and blessings of Allah be on him, prohibited putting the arms and stretching them on the ground, ordering that "adjust your prostration, keep straigtht in it, and stretch not your hands on the ground as dogs do. "
10. He should raise his head from prostration saying:
"Allahu Akbar" and lays his left foot flat on the ground and sits upon it, keeping his right foot erected, his hands on his thighs and knees, and says :
"O my Lord, forgive me, have mercy on me, guide me, provide me with your blessings and console me. "
The worshipper should feel tranquillity during this pause.
11. To prostrate again saying " Allahu Akbar" and repeating during his prostration what he did and said in the first prostration.
12. Then the worshipper raises his head saying " Allahu Akbar" taking a pause similar to the pause between the two prostrations; this is called "the pause for rest." It is recommended for the worshipper to do such a pause, but there is no sin if he desists from it. Then the worshipper rises up and stands supporting on his knees, or on the ground if he cannot support himself on the knees, reads the Fatihah (The opening Sura of the glorious Quran) and some other verses of the Quran and do as just as he did in the first
Rakaah (unit of prayer). Those who pray be- hind the Imam should not compete with him in the prayer actions as the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:
The Imam is to be followed, if he says:
" Allahu Akbar" which means " Allah is Great" then say the same after him. If he bows in "Ruku" bow after him. If he says: "Samia-l-lahu liman hamidah" which means " Allah hears him who praises Him", then say: "Rabbana wa laka-l-hamd" which means "Our Lord! All praises are for Thee"; and if he prostrates, then prostrate after
-him". (Bukhari V: 1 P.37) 13.
If the prayer consists of two Rakaat (two units of prayer) as the morning prayer "Fajr", Feast prayer "Eid" ; or the Friday prayer "Jumu'a", the worshipper sits after the second prostration, with his right foot erect, sitting on his left foot laid down, putting his right hand on his right thigh, all his fingers close-fisted save the index finger which he uses to point out as a sign for his monotheis- tic belief, and his left hand is put on his left thigh. There is nothing in the way, if the worshipper keeps both the little and ring fin- gers closed, while rounding his thumb and middle finger in a ring-shape, and uses his index finger ot point out as a sign for his monotheistic belief. .It has been related that the Prophet, may peace and blessings of Allah be on him, had practised both of these ways, thus, it is advisable for the worshipper to perform the first way once and the other on the second time.
The worshipper reads the Tashahud while sitting and says: -
"Al-tahiyatu lilahi waslwatu watayibatu
Assalamu alayka ayuha-n-nablyu wa rahmat-u-llahi wa barakatuhu. Assalamu alayi- na wa ala ibadi-l-lahi-s-salalihiyn. Ashadu ala ilaha ila lahu wa ashadu anna Muham-
" madan abdoho wa raswuloh. Allahuma salliy ala Muhammad wa ala aali Muhamad. kama salayata ala lbrahima wa aali lbra- him. lnaka Hamidon Majid. Wa barik ala Mohammad wa ala aali Muhammad kama barkta ala Ibrahima wa aali Ibrahima. Inaka Hamidon Majid.
This means: "Greetings, prayers and the good thing. of belong to Allah. Peace, mercy and blessing of Allah be on you,
O Prophet.
May peace be upon us and on the devout slaves of Allah.
1 testify that there is no god but Allah and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and messenger. O Allah, bless Muhammad and his family as You blessed Ibrahim and his family. You are the Most-Praised, The Most-glorious. O Allah, bestow Your grace on Muhammad and his family as You best- woed it on Ibrahim and his family. You are the Most-Praised, The Most-glorious.
After reciting the Tashahud, the worship- pet asks Allah's protection from four evils:
“My Lord, I ask your protection from torment of the Hell , torment of the grave theTrails in life-time and after death, and from the imposter Antichrist." The worshipper may ask Allah for prosperity in this worldly life and in the Hereafter, supplicate Allah to bestow His favors on his parents and other muslims. He could do this in both obligatory and optional prayers. It has been reported by Ibn Massoud that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, taught him how to recite the Tashahud and told him that the worshipper should ~nvoke Allah and ask Him for the more beloved wishes which he likes, or, as it has been related in other word- ings, the worshipper should ask Allah for
whatever he wishes. In this manner, the ser- vant can ask Allah for all the prosperities of this worldly life and the life to come. The worshipper tenninates his prayer by turning his face to the right saying:
"As-salamu alai kum wa rahmatu Allah" and to the left saying this salutation which means "Peace and mercy of Allah be on you."
14. In case of a three Rakaat prayer
(prayer consisting of three units) as that of Maghrib prayer, (evening prayer), .or a four- Rakaat prayer like that of noon prayer (Zuhr), Asr prayer (late afternoon prayer) or , Isha prayer (night prayer), the worshipper stands up after reciting the Tashahud according to the manner stated before, and raises his hand to the level of his shoulders saying: Al1ahu Akbar). The worship- per puts his hands over his chest as it had . been explained beforc, and recites, only the Fatiha. There is no objection if he adds to the
-Fatiha some other verses of the Quran while performing the third or fourth Rakaat (units of prayer) of noon prayer (Zuhr), because this was stated to be one of the manners adopted by the Prophet, may peace and blessings of Allah be on him, according to the tradition reported by Abi Saied.
After the third Rakaah of Maghrib prayer (evening prayer), and the fourth Rakaah of Zuhr (noon), Asr (afternoon) and Isha (llight) . prayers, the worshipper recites the Tashahud
and terminates his prayers by saying:
Assalamu-alaikum wa rahmatu Allah
while turning first to the right, and second to the left as it has been explained before.
It is not an obligatory duty, but it is a rec- ommendable prophetic tradition to invoke Allah after terminating the prayer by asking Him forgiveness thrice and saying before turning one'& face towards his followers if he is the Imam :
"O Allah, Thou art peace andfrom Thee is peace, Thou art blessed, O possessor of Glory and Honour."
It is advisable for the worshipper to say:
"There is no god but Allah. He is the One. He has no partner. His is the dominion and to Him alone is the praise. He has power over all things. O Lord, none may withhold what You have given and none may give what You have withheld and the riches can- not avail a wealthy person with Thee. There is no might or power except by the support of . Allah, There is no god but Allah" and we do not worship but Him alone. To Him alone
-belong all bounties, to Him alone belong all. grace, and to Him worthy praise is accord- ed. There is no god but Allah, to Whom we are sincere in devotion, even though the un- believers may detest it."
It is also advisable to the worshipper to
extol Allah 33 times by saying" (Subhana Allah). praise Him by saying:
(Al Hamdu lil-Allah) 33 times also by saying: Allahu Akbar and the worshipper completes his supplications to be one hundred by saying once:
"There is no god but Allah. He is the One. He has no partner. His is the dominion and to Him alone is the praise. He has power over all things."
The worshipper adds to that the recitation of the verse of the Throne "Ayat AI-Kursiy". 'Sur.at AI-Ikhlas, Surat EI-Falaq, and Surat AI-Nas. It is recommendable to recite these Suras thrice after the Fajr prayer (Morning prayer), and the Maghrib prayer (evening prayer) because this was reported to be one of the traditions of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him. As it had been stated before, all these after-prayer supplications are optional and not obligatory .
Every muslim, whether be male or female, is recommended to pray 12 Rakaat of super- erogatory prayers every day: four of these Rakaat (units of prayers) are before noon prayer, two after it, two after Maghrib prayer, two after Isha (night) prayer and two before the morning prayer These supererogatory prayers are called (Rawatib) which means: "Certain supererogatory exercises of optional prayers." The Prophet peace and blessings of Allah be on him, preserved the performance of these optional prayers
wherever he settled. During his travels, he used to practise the two optional Rakaat be- fore the morning prayer and also the Witr prayer (after the Isha prayer). There is no ob- jection to perform these optional prayers in the mosque, but it is better to perform it at home, because the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said "The best of the prayers are those which are fulfilled at one's own home, with exception to obligato- ry prayers which should be performed in congregation at the mosque."
Observance of fulfilling these optional prayers is a means for gaining admission to paradise. The Prophet, may peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
"Whoever prays optionally twelve Rakaat everyone day and night, Allah will reward him by an established dwelling in the para- dise."
It is also advisable to the muslim to pray four optional Rakaat before Asr prayer (afternoon prayer), two before Maghrib prayer (evening prayer), and two before Isha prayer (night prayer), because this manner was reported to be one of the traditions of the Prophet. Allah, the Almighty says: ”Ye have indeed in the Messenger of At'"'! lah an excellent exempler" (33:21).
And the Prophet (May the peace and blassings of Allah be upon him) said:
"Perform your prayer in the same manner as you had seen me doing."
Allah is He Who is Able to render us success and prosperity, and may Allah give His blessings and peace to our Prophet Muhammad son of Abdellah, his family, his companions and whoever follows his way till doomsday.
All praise is to Allah alone and may His peace and blessings be upon His messenger Muhammed our Prophet also his family and his companions.
The objective of this concise topic is to explain how Prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to perform his prayers. I would like to present this explanation to every Male and Female Muslim so that they may strive to take up the Prophet's manner in performing their prayers as a model for them. It was narrated by Al Bukhari that Prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessings of Allah be on him) had said: "Perform your prayers in the same manner you had seen me doing." Therefore, here is the explanation for the Prophet's manner of prayer.
1. To perform completely the ablution, adopting the method commanded by Allah in the Quran: Wash your self.
"0 ye who believe, when ye prepare for prayer, wash your faces and your hands (and arms) to the elbows, rub your heads (with water) and (wash) your feet to the ankles."(5:6 Al-Quran)
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) said:
( prayer without ablution is invalid)
2. To turn one's face and whole body towards the Ka'aba.
The Holy House at Makkah, intending by Heart to perform the prayer which he wants to fullfil.
l. Whether it is an Obligatory prayer or a Supererogatory prayer, the worshipper in all cases, should not pronounce his intention openly, because neither the Prophet nor his companions used to utter the intention for prayer. Thus, pronouncing the intention for prayer in audible voice is a heresy and an illicit action. Whether the individual be an Imam or performs his prayer individually, he should make (A Sutra) i.e. a curtain for his prayer. Directing the face towards the Qibla (The Ka'aba at Makkah) is an imperative condition for every prayer . However, there are few exceptions for this rule explained in authoritative books for whom who wish to refer. ”If you don’t know the Direction to the Kabba.
3. To pronounce "Takbirat Al Ihram" that
is to say:" Allahu Akbar" celebrating by that the greatness of Allah and looking meanwhile, downwards to the place where he will prostrate.
4. To raise one's hands up to the level of the shoulders or near to the lobes of his ears, while pronouncing "Takbirat Al-Ihram".
5. To put one's right hand over his left hand and left wrist, and put them both over his chest, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to do.
6. It is advisable that the worshipper recite
"Allahumma baid bayni wa bayena khatayaya kama baadta bayena al-mashriki wal maghribi, Allahumma naqqiniy' min khatayaya kama yonaqa al thawbo alabyado min aldans.. Allahumma igysilniy min khatayaya bilmai wathalgi walbarad."
This supplication means:
"O Allah, separate me from my sins as You have separated the east and west. 0 Allah, clean me of my sins as the white rope is cleaned from dirt. 0 Allah, wash off my sins with water, snow and hail.” or he may say instead:
"Sobhanaka Allahumma wa bihamdika watabaraka Ismoka wata'la jaddoka wala ilaha ghayroka"
This supplication means:
"Praise and glory be to Allah. Blessed be Your Name, exalted be Your Majesty and Glory. There is no god but You."
Or he may say any other supplications which the Prophet, (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) used to say in his prayers. It is better to recite these supplications alternately, the first one in the morning prayer "Fajr", the second in the noon prayer "Zuhr", each one by turn, in conformity with what the Prophet used to do.
After reciting the opening supplication, the worshipper says:
"Aouzo billahi min al-shaytani-r-ragim"
Which means?
"I seek protection of Allah against the accursed Satan."
Then he says:
"Bism illahi-Rahmani Raheem"
Which means?
"In the name of Allah, the All Merciful, the
All Compassionate."
Then recites the Fatiha (The opening Sura of the glorious Quran). Prophet Muhammad, may peace and blessings be upon him said:-" Prayer without reciting the F atiha is invalid".
The worshipper should say "Almeen" after reciting the Fatiha loudly if the prayer is said loudly, and whisper it in inaudible prayers. To be in conformity with the traditions of the Prophet, the worshipper is advised to recite verses from medium size Suras of the Quran in the Zuhr (noon), Asr (late afternoon), and Isha (night) prayers. As for the Fajr (morning) prayer, the worshipper is advised to recite a passage from the long Suras of the Quran. He has the choice in Maghrib prayer (Evening prayer) either to recite passages from the long Suras or from the short Suras of the Quran.
7. Then, the worshipper bows in "Ruku " raising his hands up to the level of his shoulders or ears while saying " Allahu Akbar" " Allah is Great" then bends down, making his head and back on one level and putting his hands with the fingers spread on his knees. ,The worshipper should feel serenity and tranquility while bowing, he should say thrice at least:
, "Subhana Rabbiayl A'zim"
Which means?
"Glory be to my Lord, the Almighty."
It is advisable to say while bowing in addition to that:
"Subhanak-Allahumma Rabbana wa bi hamdika, Allahumma ighfir liy"
Which mean.:
"Glory be to Thee, O Allah, and I praise Thee, forgive me my sins."
8. To raise one's head up from bowing, raising one's hands to the level of his shoulders or ears, saying, in case of being Imam or praying alone: -"Sami'a Allahu liman hamidah"
Which means?
" Allah listens to him who praises Him "
While resuming the standing position, he should say:
"Rabbana wa laka al hamdu hamdan katheera'n tayyiban mobarakan feehiy mil'a ssamawati wa mila alardhi wa mil'a ma baynahoma wa mil'a ma Shita min shiyin ba'ad"
This supplication means:
"Our Lord, praise be fore Thee only, praises plentiful and blessed as to fill the heavens, the earth, what in between, and fill that which will please Thee besides them."
But if the worshipper is a follower, and led in his prayer by the Imam he should say when rising up "Rabbana wa laka alhamd... - etc
The worshipper is advised to put his hands on his chest, as he had done before he bowed. Both Wa'il Ibn Haggar and Sahl Ibn Sai'yd reported that this was the manner of the Prophet when he used to raise his head up after bowing.
9. To prostrate saying: "Allahu Akbar" " Allah is Great". He should touch the ground with his knees before touching it with his hands, if that is possible to him. If not, he is permitted to touch the ground by his hand before his knees. His fingers and
toes should be directed towards the Qibla Makkah, and his hands should be stretched, and the fingers close together and not separated. In prostration, the worshipper should use these seven organs:
-The forehead, the nose, both hands, both knees and the internal parts of the toes.
These seven organs should touch the ground. Then the worshipper should say thrice or more:
"Suhhana Rahbiyal A'ala"
Which means?
"Glorified is my Lord, the Exalted."
It is advisable to say:
"Suhhanaka Allahuma Rahhana wa hi
hamdika, Allahuma Ighfir -Iiy."
This means:
"Glory be to Thee, Our Lord, and I praise Thee. Our Lord, forgive me ."
It is recommendable for the worshipper to exceed more,and more in supplications and ask for more from his Lord, because the Prophet, may peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
"As for bowing "Ruku" you should glorify your Lord during performing it, as for Prostration. you should do your best to
cate and ask for more from Him, because your supplications during prostration are more worthy to be accepted. "
The worshipper should ask his Lord for prosperity both in this worldly life and in the Hereafter. Whether it is an obligatory prayer or an optional prayer, the worshipper, while prostrating, should neither bring his hands close to his sides, nor stick his abdomen to his thighs, or his thighs to his legs. The worshipper's arms should be raised up from the ground because the Prophet, may peace and blessings of Allah be on him, prohibited putting the arms and stretching them on the ground, ordering that "adjust your prostration, keep straigtht in it, and stretch not your hands on the ground as dogs do. "
10. He should raise his head from prostration saying:
"Allahu Akbar" and lays his left foot flat on the ground and sits upon it, keeping his right foot erected, his hands on his thighs and knees, and says :
"O my Lord, forgive me, have mercy on me, guide me, provide me with your blessings and console me. "
The worshipper should feel tranquillity during this pause.
11. To prostrate again saying " Allahu Akbar" and repeating during his prostration what he did and said in the first prostration.
12. Then the worshipper raises his head saying " Allahu Akbar" taking a pause similar to the pause between the two prostrations; this is called "the pause for rest." It is recommended for the worshipper to do such a pause, but there is no sin if he desists from it. Then the worshipper rises up and stands supporting on his knees, or on the ground if he cannot support himself on the knees, reads the Fatihah (The opening Sura of the glorious Quran) and some other verses of the Quran and do as just as he did in the first
Rakaah (unit of prayer). Those who pray be- hind the Imam should not compete with him in the prayer actions as the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:
The Imam is to be followed, if he says:
" Allahu Akbar" which means " Allah is Great" then say the same after him. If he bows in "Ruku" bow after him. If he says: "Samia-l-lahu liman hamidah" which means " Allah hears him who praises Him", then say: "Rabbana wa laka-l-hamd" which means "Our Lord! All praises are for Thee"; and if he prostrates, then prostrate after
-him". (Bukhari V: 1 P.37) 13.
If the prayer consists of two Rakaat (two units of prayer) as the morning prayer "Fajr", Feast prayer "Eid" ; or the Friday prayer "Jumu'a", the worshipper sits after the second prostration, with his right foot erect, sitting on his left foot laid down, putting his right hand on his right thigh, all his fingers close-fisted save the index finger which he uses to point out as a sign for his monotheis- tic belief, and his left hand is put on his left thigh. There is nothing in the way, if the worshipper keeps both the little and ring fin- gers closed, while rounding his thumb and middle finger in a ring-shape, and uses his index finger ot point out as a sign for his monotheistic belief. .It has been related that the Prophet, may peace and blessings of Allah be on him, had practised both of these ways, thus, it is advisable for the worshipper to perform the first way once and the other on the second time.
The worshipper reads the Tashahud while sitting and says: -
"Al-tahiyatu lilahi waslwatu watayibatu
Assalamu alayka ayuha-n-nablyu wa rahmat-u-llahi wa barakatuhu. Assalamu alayi- na wa ala ibadi-l-lahi-s-salalihiyn. Ashadu ala ilaha ila lahu wa ashadu anna Muham-
" madan abdoho wa raswuloh. Allahuma salliy ala Muhammad wa ala aali Muhamad. kama salayata ala lbrahima wa aali lbra- him. lnaka Hamidon Majid. Wa barik ala Mohammad wa ala aali Muhammad kama barkta ala Ibrahima wa aali Ibrahima. Inaka Hamidon Majid.
This means: "Greetings, prayers and the good thing. of belong to Allah. Peace, mercy and blessing of Allah be on you,
O Prophet.
May peace be upon us and on the devout slaves of Allah.
1 testify that there is no god but Allah and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and messenger. O Allah, bless Muhammad and his family as You blessed Ibrahim and his family. You are the Most-Praised, The Most-glorious. O Allah, bestow Your grace on Muhammad and his family as You best- woed it on Ibrahim and his family. You are the Most-Praised, The Most-glorious.
After reciting the Tashahud, the worship- pet asks Allah's protection from four evils:
“My Lord, I ask your protection from torment of the Hell , torment of the grave theTrails in life-time and after death, and from the imposter Antichrist." The worshipper may ask Allah for prosperity in this worldly life and in the Hereafter, supplicate Allah to bestow His favors on his parents and other muslims. He could do this in both obligatory and optional prayers. It has been reported by Ibn Massoud that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, taught him how to recite the Tashahud and told him that the worshipper should ~nvoke Allah and ask Him for the more beloved wishes which he likes, or, as it has been related in other word- ings, the worshipper should ask Allah for
whatever he wishes. In this manner, the ser- vant can ask Allah for all the prosperities of this worldly life and the life to come. The worshipper tenninates his prayer by turning his face to the right saying:
"As-salamu alai kum wa rahmatu Allah" and to the left saying this salutation which means "Peace and mercy of Allah be on you."
14. In case of a three Rakaat prayer
(prayer consisting of three units) as that of Maghrib prayer, (evening prayer), .or a four- Rakaat prayer like that of noon prayer (Zuhr), Asr prayer (late afternoon prayer) or , Isha prayer (night prayer), the worshipper stands up after reciting the Tashahud according to the manner stated before, and raises his hand to the level of his shoulders saying: Al1ahu Akbar). The worship- per puts his hands over his chest as it had . been explained beforc, and recites, only the Fatiha. There is no objection if he adds to the
-Fatiha some other verses of the Quran while performing the third or fourth Rakaat (units of prayer) of noon prayer (Zuhr), because this was stated to be one of the manners adopted by the Prophet, may peace and blessings of Allah be on him, according to the tradition reported by Abi Saied.
After the third Rakaah of Maghrib prayer (evening prayer), and the fourth Rakaah of Zuhr (noon), Asr (afternoon) and Isha (llight) . prayers, the worshipper recites the Tashahud
and terminates his prayers by saying:
Assalamu-alaikum wa rahmatu Allah
while turning first to the right, and second to the left as it has been explained before.
It is not an obligatory duty, but it is a rec- ommendable prophetic tradition to invoke Allah after terminating the prayer by asking Him forgiveness thrice and saying before turning one'& face towards his followers if he is the Imam :
"O Allah, Thou art peace andfrom Thee is peace, Thou art blessed, O possessor of Glory and Honour."
It is advisable for the worshipper to say:
"There is no god but Allah. He is the One. He has no partner. His is the dominion and to Him alone is the praise. He has power over all things. O Lord, none may withhold what You have given and none may give what You have withheld and the riches can- not avail a wealthy person with Thee. There is no might or power except by the support of . Allah, There is no god but Allah" and we do not worship but Him alone. To Him alone
-belong all bounties, to Him alone belong all. grace, and to Him worthy praise is accord- ed. There is no god but Allah, to Whom we are sincere in devotion, even though the un- believers may detest it."
It is also advisable to the worshipper to
extol Allah 33 times by saying" (Subhana Allah). praise Him by saying:
(Al Hamdu lil-Allah) 33 times also by saying: Allahu Akbar and the worshipper completes his supplications to be one hundred by saying once:
"There is no god but Allah. He is the One. He has no partner. His is the dominion and to Him alone is the praise. He has power over all things."
The worshipper adds to that the recitation of the verse of the Throne "Ayat AI-Kursiy". 'Sur.at AI-Ikhlas, Surat EI-Falaq, and Surat AI-Nas. It is recommendable to recite these Suras thrice after the Fajr prayer (Morning prayer), and the Maghrib prayer (evening prayer) because this was reported to be one of the traditions of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him. As it had been stated before, all these after-prayer supplications are optional and not obligatory .
Every muslim, whether be male or female, is recommended to pray 12 Rakaat of super- erogatory prayers every day: four of these Rakaat (units of prayers) are before noon prayer, two after it, two after Maghrib prayer, two after Isha (night) prayer and two before the morning prayer These supererogatory prayers are called (Rawatib) which means: "Certain supererogatory exercises of optional prayers." The Prophet peace and blessings of Allah be on him, preserved the performance of these optional prayers
wherever he settled. During his travels, he used to practise the two optional Rakaat be- fore the morning prayer and also the Witr prayer (after the Isha prayer). There is no ob- jection to perform these optional prayers in the mosque, but it is better to perform it at home, because the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said "The best of the prayers are those which are fulfilled at one's own home, with exception to obligato- ry prayers which should be performed in congregation at the mosque."
Observance of fulfilling these optional prayers is a means for gaining admission to paradise. The Prophet, may peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
"Whoever prays optionally twelve Rakaat everyone day and night, Allah will reward him by an established dwelling in the para- dise."
It is also advisable to the muslim to pray four optional Rakaat before Asr prayer (afternoon prayer), two before Maghrib prayer (evening prayer), and two before Isha prayer (night prayer), because this manner was reported to be one of the traditions of the Prophet. Allah, the Almighty says: ”Ye have indeed in the Messenger of At'"'! lah an excellent exempler" (33:21).
And the Prophet (May the peace and blassings of Allah be upon him) said:
"Perform your prayer in the same manner as you had seen me doing."
Allah is He Who is Able to render us success and prosperity, and may Allah give His blessings and peace to our Prophet Muhammad son of Abdellah, his family, his companions and whoever follows his way till doomsday.
Egypt seeks to woo Arab tourists for Ramadan revels
CAIRO (AFP) – With its cooler temperatures but more sizzling entertainment, Egypt has long been a prime destination for rich Arab tourists, especially from the Gulf states.
This year, however, the authorities fear that the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, which starts on Wednesday at the height of the annual tourist season, will mean that many potential visitors stay at home instead.
In a bid to avert a slump in its lucrative tourist industry, particularly during boom-time August, Egypt has launched a major campaign aimed at luring visitors, with the promise of fireworks, concerts, folkloric shows and displays by whirling dervishes.
During Ramadan, Muslims who are fit and able are required to abstain from food, drink and smoking during daylight hours. They then traditionally gather to break the fast at sunset with their families for the iftar meal.
For many Muslims, Ramadan is therefore not a time to book holidays abroad, but a time when most socialising takes place in the home.
Against this tradition, Egypt is trying to attract Arab tourists to the banks of the Nile during the holy month with the "Fawanees Ramadan Festival." Fawanees are colourful lanterns hung across the country and in homes to mark the holy month.
The festival will kick off in the capital Cairo with a parade of traditional sailing boats or "felucca" down the Nile.
The campaign, organised by the tourism ministry, seeks to promote the Egyptian Ramadan experience in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Libya and Tunisia.
Non-Arab Turkey, with its majority-Muslim population, is also being targeted by the campaign which is backed by heavy advertising.
Egyptair's fleet of aircraft and Cairo international airport are also taking part and have been especially decorated for the occasion, while several luxury hotels favoured by Arab wealthy tourists are offering special Ramadan packages.
Advertising spots have been aired on Egyptian and Arab satellite channels under the slogan "Egypt's Spirit in Ramadan."
The campaign is of vital importance to Cairo's coffers. Arab tourists, particularly those from the Gulf, make up almost 20 percent of the 12 million visitors who come to Egypt annually.
Egypt's tourist industry last year brought in more than 10 billion dollars in revenue and employs around 12 percent of the active population.
"Arab tourists are very important for Egypt," Samy Mahmud from the ministry of tourism told AFP.
"On average, they spend a lot more money than the others, and their stays are much longer," he said.
While European or American tourists tend to travel in organised package holidays at low prices, Arab visitors book suites in Cairo's luxury hotels for stays that can last as long as several weeks, Mahmud said.
But this year the timing could hit tourism revenues hard.
The peak season for Arab tourists this year coincides with Ramadan, and this will also be the case for several years to come as the holy month, which follows the lunar calendar, goes forward by around 10 days every year.
So deeply rooted is the family association with Ramadan that Egypt's glitzy campaign will have a hard time luring many Arab tourists away from mama's cooking during the holy month -- even for a jamboree on the Nile.
"For me, Ramadan is celebrated at home and with the family," said Hussein Ali, a Kuwaiti visiting Cairo before the holy month begins on Wednesday.
"During the month, there are many visits paid to family and friends' homes, and I would never miss that for a few concerts organised in Egypt," he said.
Tunisian teenager Qassam agreed.
"Egypt is a beautiful place and I have really enjoyed my stay here but Ramadan should be spent at home with the family, in Tunisia," he said.
This year, however, the authorities fear that the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, which starts on Wednesday at the height of the annual tourist season, will mean that many potential visitors stay at home instead.
In a bid to avert a slump in its lucrative tourist industry, particularly during boom-time August, Egypt has launched a major campaign aimed at luring visitors, with the promise of fireworks, concerts, folkloric shows and displays by whirling dervishes.
During Ramadan, Muslims who are fit and able are required to abstain from food, drink and smoking during daylight hours. They then traditionally gather to break the fast at sunset with their families for the iftar meal.
For many Muslims, Ramadan is therefore not a time to book holidays abroad, but a time when most socialising takes place in the home.
Against this tradition, Egypt is trying to attract Arab tourists to the banks of the Nile during the holy month with the "Fawanees Ramadan Festival." Fawanees are colourful lanterns hung across the country and in homes to mark the holy month.
The festival will kick off in the capital Cairo with a parade of traditional sailing boats or "felucca" down the Nile.
The campaign, organised by the tourism ministry, seeks to promote the Egyptian Ramadan experience in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Libya and Tunisia.
Non-Arab Turkey, with its majority-Muslim population, is also being targeted by the campaign which is backed by heavy advertising.
Egyptair's fleet of aircraft and Cairo international airport are also taking part and have been especially decorated for the occasion, while several luxury hotels favoured by Arab wealthy tourists are offering special Ramadan packages.
Advertising spots have been aired on Egyptian and Arab satellite channels under the slogan "Egypt's Spirit in Ramadan."
The campaign is of vital importance to Cairo's coffers. Arab tourists, particularly those from the Gulf, make up almost 20 percent of the 12 million visitors who come to Egypt annually.
Egypt's tourist industry last year brought in more than 10 billion dollars in revenue and employs around 12 percent of the active population.
"Arab tourists are very important for Egypt," Samy Mahmud from the ministry of tourism told AFP.
"On average, they spend a lot more money than the others, and their stays are much longer," he said.
While European or American tourists tend to travel in organised package holidays at low prices, Arab visitors book suites in Cairo's luxury hotels for stays that can last as long as several weeks, Mahmud said.
But this year the timing could hit tourism revenues hard.
The peak season for Arab tourists this year coincides with Ramadan, and this will also be the case for several years to come as the holy month, which follows the lunar calendar, goes forward by around 10 days every year.
So deeply rooted is the family association with Ramadan that Egypt's glitzy campaign will have a hard time luring many Arab tourists away from mama's cooking during the holy month -- even for a jamboree on the Nile.
"For me, Ramadan is celebrated at home and with the family," said Hussein Ali, a Kuwaiti visiting Cairo before the holy month begins on Wednesday.
"During the month, there are many visits paid to family and friends' homes, and I would never miss that for a few concerts organised in Egypt," he said.
Tunisian teenager Qassam agreed.
"Egypt is a beautiful place and I have really enjoyed my stay here but Ramadan should be spent at home with the family, in Tunisia," he said.
Egypt becomes first country to use Arabic internet domain name
Egypt has applied for the first internet domain written in Arabic, the country's information technology minister confirmed in 16th November 2009
Tarek Kamel said they had applied for a new domain, which is pronounced '.masr', but written using the Arabic alphabet. Egypt will therefore be the first Arab nation to have non-Latin web addresses.
He said the registering of the domain, which translates as '.Egypt', would offer new avenues for innovation, investment and growth.
'We can truly and gladly say... the internet now speaks Arabic,' Mr Kamel said.
A number of websites, including those for the Egyptian Government (pictured) are available in Arabic script. However Egypt will be the first to have web addresses written in Arabic
The effort is part of a broader push to expand both access and content in developing nations, where the internet remains out of reach for wide swaths of the population.
Mr Kamel made his comments at the start of the Internet Governance Forum - a U.N.sponsored gathering that drew Yahoo Inc.'s Jerry Yang and web founder Tim Berners-Lee.
An internet oversight agency decided to allow domain names in non-Latin scripts at the end of October. These include Arabic, Chinese, Korean and Cyrillic.
The decision marks a key step in the Arab world, where a mixture of censorship, limited content and access have stymied efforts to boost Arabic-language content on the Web.
Yahoo's Mr Yang said that while there are over 300 million Arabic speakers in the world, less than one per cent of the content online is in Arabic.
As part of the company's push to boost access in Arabic, Yang said Yahoo would offer its mail and messenger service in Arabic next year. He did not provide an exact date.
In all, about 75 per cent of the world's population is still not online.
The prospective new users in developing nations face a number of challenges, ranging from monetary constraints to restrictions on their liberty.
On Saturday the Iranian media reported officials were deploying a special police unit to sweep web sites for political material and prosecute those deemed to be spreading lies.
The decision marks a key step in the Arab world, where a mixture of censorship, limited content and access have stymied efforts to boost Arabic-language content on the Web.
The dearth of content has opened new market opportunities for Internet companies, with Yahoo, for example, recently acquiring Arab online community Web site Maktoob.com.
Tarek Kamel said they had applied for a new domain, which is pronounced '.masr', but written using the Arabic alphabet. Egypt will therefore be the first Arab nation to have non-Latin web addresses.
He said the registering of the domain, which translates as '.Egypt', would offer new avenues for innovation, investment and growth.
'We can truly and gladly say... the internet now speaks Arabic,' Mr Kamel said.
A number of websites, including those for the Egyptian Government (pictured) are available in Arabic script. However Egypt will be the first to have web addresses written in Arabic
The effort is part of a broader push to expand both access and content in developing nations, where the internet remains out of reach for wide swaths of the population.
Mr Kamel made his comments at the start of the Internet Governance Forum - a U.N.sponsored gathering that drew Yahoo Inc.'s Jerry Yang and web founder Tim Berners-Lee.
An internet oversight agency decided to allow domain names in non-Latin scripts at the end of October. These include Arabic, Chinese, Korean and Cyrillic.
The decision marks a key step in the Arab world, where a mixture of censorship, limited content and access have stymied efforts to boost Arabic-language content on the Web.
Yahoo's Mr Yang said that while there are over 300 million Arabic speakers in the world, less than one per cent of the content online is in Arabic.
As part of the company's push to boost access in Arabic, Yang said Yahoo would offer its mail and messenger service in Arabic next year. He did not provide an exact date.
In all, about 75 per cent of the world's population is still not online.
The prospective new users in developing nations face a number of challenges, ranging from monetary constraints to restrictions on their liberty.
On Saturday the Iranian media reported officials were deploying a special police unit to sweep web sites for political material and prosecute those deemed to be spreading lies.
The decision marks a key step in the Arab world, where a mixture of censorship, limited content and access have stymied efforts to boost Arabic-language content on the Web.
The dearth of content has opened new market opportunities for Internet companies, with Yahoo, for example, recently acquiring Arab online community Web site Maktoob.com.
Monday, August 30, 2010
The Arabic language
The Arabic language
Introduction
ARABIC ranks sixth in the world's league table of languages, with an estimated 186 million native speakers. As the language of the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam, it is also widely used throughout the Muslim world. It belongs to the Semitic group of languages which also includes Hebrew and Amharic, the main language of Ethiopia.
There are many Arabic dialects. Classical Arabic – the language of the Qur'an – was originally the dialect of Mecca in what is now Saudi Arabia. An adapted form of this, known as Modern Standard Arabic, is used in books, newspapers, on television and radio, in the mosques, and in conversation between educated Arabs from different countries (for example at international conferences).
Local dialects vary, and a Moroccan might have difficulty understanding an Iraqi, even though they speak the same language.
Major languages of the world
(Number of native speakers)
1. Mandarin Chinese 836,000,000
2. Hindi 333,000,000
3. Spanish 332,000,000
4. English 322,000,000
5. Bengali 189,000,000
6. Arabic 186,000,000
7. Russian 170,000,000
8. Portuguese 170,000,000
9. Japanese 125,000,000
10. German 98,000,000
11. French 72,000,000
12. Malay 50,000,000
Is Arabic difficult?
YES - and no. Learning Arabic certainly takes time and practice, but there are not many irregularities in the grammar. It's much less complicated than Latin, and probably simpler than German, too.
If you speak a European language, the root system of Arabic is an unfamiliar concept. Arabic words are constructed from three-letter "roots" which convey a basic idea. For example, k-t-b conveys the idea of writing. Addition of other letters before, between and after the root letters produces many associated words: not only "write" but also "book", "office", "library", and "author".
Learning vocabulary may cause problems at first. In most European languages there are many words which resemble those in English. Arabic has very few, but it becomes easier once you have memorised a few roots.
Arabic has many regional dialects, and if you want to master one of these the only really effective way is to spend a few years in the place of your choice. For general purposes – such as reading or listening to radio - it's best to concentrate on Modern Standard Arabic (numerous courses and textbooks are available). This would also be useful if you're interested in Islam, though you would need some additional religious vocabulary.
There are 28 consonants and three vowels – a, i, u – which can be short or long. Some of the sounds are unique to Arabic and difficult for foreigners to pronounce exactly, though you should be able to make yourself understood.
The normal word order of a sentence is verb/subject/object. The function of nouns in a sentence can also be distinguished by case-endings (marks above the last letter of a word) but these are usually found only in the Qur'an or school textbooks.
Feminine nouns add the suffix …aat to form the plural but masculine nouns generally have a "broken" plural which involves changing vowels in the middle of the word: kitaab ("book"); kutub ("books").
Arabic has very few irregular verbs and does not use "is" or "are" at all in the present tense: "the king good" means "the king is good". Subtle alterations in the basic meaning of a verb are made by adding to the root. These changes follow regular rules, giving ten possible "verb forms" (though in practice only three or four exist for most verbs. The root k-s-r produces:
form I kasara, "he broke"
form II kassara, "he smashed to bits"
form VII inkasara, "it was broken up"
Sometimes these must be used with care: qAtala means "he fought" but qatala means "he killed".
Introduction
ARABIC ranks sixth in the world's league table of languages, with an estimated 186 million native speakers. As the language of the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam, it is also widely used throughout the Muslim world. It belongs to the Semitic group of languages which also includes Hebrew and Amharic, the main language of Ethiopia.
There are many Arabic dialects. Classical Arabic – the language of the Qur'an – was originally the dialect of Mecca in what is now Saudi Arabia. An adapted form of this, known as Modern Standard Arabic, is used in books, newspapers, on television and radio, in the mosques, and in conversation between educated Arabs from different countries (for example at international conferences).
Local dialects vary, and a Moroccan might have difficulty understanding an Iraqi, even though they speak the same language.
Major languages of the world
(Number of native speakers)
1. Mandarin Chinese 836,000,000
2. Hindi 333,000,000
3. Spanish 332,000,000
4. English 322,000,000
5. Bengali 189,000,000
6. Arabic 186,000,000
7. Russian 170,000,000
8. Portuguese 170,000,000
9. Japanese 125,000,000
10. German 98,000,000
11. French 72,000,000
12. Malay 50,000,000
Is Arabic difficult?
YES - and no. Learning Arabic certainly takes time and practice, but there are not many irregularities in the grammar. It's much less complicated than Latin, and probably simpler than German, too.
If you speak a European language, the root system of Arabic is an unfamiliar concept. Arabic words are constructed from three-letter "roots" which convey a basic idea. For example, k-t-b conveys the idea of writing. Addition of other letters before, between and after the root letters produces many associated words: not only "write" but also "book", "office", "library", and "author".
Learning vocabulary may cause problems at first. In most European languages there are many words which resemble those in English. Arabic has very few, but it becomes easier once you have memorised a few roots.
Arabic has many regional dialects, and if you want to master one of these the only really effective way is to spend a few years in the place of your choice. For general purposes – such as reading or listening to radio - it's best to concentrate on Modern Standard Arabic (numerous courses and textbooks are available). This would also be useful if you're interested in Islam, though you would need some additional religious vocabulary.
There are 28 consonants and three vowels – a, i, u – which can be short or long. Some of the sounds are unique to Arabic and difficult for foreigners to pronounce exactly, though you should be able to make yourself understood.
The normal word order of a sentence is verb/subject/object. The function of nouns in a sentence can also be distinguished by case-endings (marks above the last letter of a word) but these are usually found only in the Qur'an or school textbooks.
Feminine nouns add the suffix …aat to form the plural but masculine nouns generally have a "broken" plural which involves changing vowels in the middle of the word: kitaab ("book"); kutub ("books").
Arabic has very few irregular verbs and does not use "is" or "are" at all in the present tense: "the king good" means "the king is good". Subtle alterations in the basic meaning of a verb are made by adding to the root. These changes follow regular rules, giving ten possible "verb forms" (though in practice only three or four exist for most verbs. The root k-s-r produces:
form I kasara, "he broke"
form II kassara, "he smashed to bits"
form VII inkasara, "it was broken up"
Sometimes these must be used with care: qAtala means "he fought" but qatala means "he killed".
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